АР19679749 "Mapping of protective forest belts, their impact on productivity and water resources, prospects for expansion, using geospatial technologies in the Akmola region"

ИРН

АР19679749

Название проекта

"Mapping of protective forest belts, their impact on productivity and water resources, prospects for expansion, using geospatial technologies in the Akmola region"

Научный руководитель проекта

ФИО: Sarsekova Dani Nurgisaevna

Телефон: 8 701 316 14 42

Эл.почта: dani999@mail.ru

Уч.степень, звание: Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, professor

Scopus Author ID: 56403235500

Researcher ID: 00345348000050

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0537-4936

Актуальность

For a long time, forest-belt field-protective plantations effectively performed the protective functions assigned to them. Their ecological and ameliorative functions in the fields were especially important, which prevented the occurrence of wind and water erosion, contributed to the redistribution of precipitation, transferring them into soil runoff, and improved the biodiversity of the region. In the dry steppe zone, on the endless fields of grain cultivation, forest strips effectively retained snow or ensured its uniform distribution, which contributed to the accumulation of moisture, which is so necessary for growing plants. They played an important role in the formation of agroforestry landscapes, microclimate and the ecosystem as a whole. One of the main purposes of field and soil-protective forest belts was to increase crop yields. In the last three decades, support for the development and care of existing forest belts has ceased, which has led to their degradation, drying out, and fires. Moreover, many local residents cut down trees in forest belts along roads and fields for firewood.

Climate change, intensification of anthropogenic emergency events, displacement of the boundaries of natural and climatic zones, change of vegetation formations, expansion of desertification processes, strong variation in the amount of precipitation with peaks of floods and droughts, and an increase in forest fires, affect the ecosystems of rural regions. In this connection, the sustainable development of rural areas, associated with the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and the safety of agricultural products, is an urgent and long-term task that requires great efforts to improve technologies, methodologies, resources and analytics of agricultural production standards. With the proposed research project, we propose to analyze the practice of using, creating forest fields and soil protection belts, taking into account the accumulated experience and omissions from previous years.

Цель

Study of the field-protective potential of forest belts with a model assessment of crop yields using geoinformation technologies for remote sensing in the pilot region of Akmola region to further support the sustainable development of rural areas of Kazakhstan in cooperation and adaptation of international experience with experts from Germany, Canada, Corea.

Ожидаемые и достигнутые результаты

1. Characteristic fields will be selected and 20 experimental plots will be laid to study the effect of forest belts on crop yields and a comparative analysis of yields in fields with windbreaks and in plots without them will be carried out.

2. A field survey of the condition of existing and previously operating field and soil protection forest belts on the lands of former collective farms and state farms, current farms and peasant farms of the Akmola region will be carried out.

3. A comparative analysis of changes in the indicators of the main climatic factors (air temperature, precipitation, duration of the growing season, wind strength and direction) for the period from 1960 to the present will be carried out.

4. Domestic and foreign literary sources and departmental materials on the creation and care of shelterbelts, their impact on the formation of the ecosystem and agricultural landscape of the region will be studied and summarized.

5. Soil pits will be laid according to a special technique at different distances from the forest belts in order to study the uniformity of the distribution of precipitation and the selection of an assortment of trees and shrubs.

6. The current standards for the placement of longitudinal and transverse strips, for tillage, for planting seedlings will be revised due to changed conditions and brought into line with new technologies, applied machinery, machinery and equipment.

7. Cartographic materials of the selected farms will be studied and the spatial location and areas of forest belts will be determined.

8. The design of forest belts, species composition, service life, technology, agricultural technology and the period of creation of shelter belts will be studied.

9. A technology will be developed for growing shelterbelts of various designs from durable, drought-resistant, salt-tolerant tree and shrub species (5-6 species each), including fruit species with their various combinations and placement and the use of growth biostimulants.

10. Field and collected archival data will be processed in combination with geoinformation data from remote sensing of the earth in the study region and are available on a single open access geoplatform integrated on the basis of UNDP ELSA https://www.unbiodiversitylab.org/, which is part of several pilot projects, supported by the UN on sustainable land development, the effective use of modeling of natural, including forest and water resources of Kazakhstan.

11. The data on the geoportal will be used by users for modeling, including for analytical studies such as processes of analytical hierarchy by soil, land use, topography, with the definition of hydromodule segments, taking into account input data such as slope, drainage density, rainfall, distance to the fault , distance to the riverbed, lithology, groundwater level, land cover, soil texture to identify potential locations for the accumulation of drainage water.

12. An effective land use scenario model will be developed with an assessment of soil and water resources, using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) of the USDA, US Department of Agriculture, with an analysis of an effective irrigation system, a sustainable land use system, modeling the shelter potential of forest belts with an assessment of yield modeling according to the geoportal.

13. International cooperation will be expanded with experts from Germany, Canada, China on draft hydro-environmental bases and future forecasts for reforestation in the face of climate change.

14. Kazakhstani specialists will participate in the expansion of cooperation projects, partnerships for the restoration of degraded lands for land monitoring and modeling, platforms for interdisciplinary research on sustainable development with Germany, the USA, Canada, China.

15. Based on the results of the research, a dual training program will be prepared in cooperation with international experts for bachelors, masters and doctoral students, with practical training for specialists in agriculture, forestry, ecology and departmental institutions, as well as environmental and design organizations.

16. Events will be held to share research results and experience with interested individuals and organizations, researchers will make presentations at exhibitions, seminars, conferences, and meetings of environmental organizations.

17. A recommendation will be developed on the creation of shelterbelts in the conditions of the Akmola region.

18. 2 articles will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded Web of Science database and (or) having a CiteScore percentile in the Scopus database of at least 35 (thirty-five) and 1 article in a peer-reviewed foreign or domestic publication recommended CSHE RK.

As a result of reconnaissance surveys of fields, soil protection forest belts, and terrain using GIS remote sensing technology on crop farms in the Akmola region (NPTsZH named after A. Baraev, Yesil-Agro LLP, Rodina AF LLP, Kazger LLP) a silvicultural and environmental assessment was given to forest belts of farmland, a comparative analysis of the agroclimatic conditions of the region from 1960 to 2022 was carried out, monitoring of agrochemical indicators of farmland soils was carried out, geodetic and topographic survey work was carried out to determine potential places for the accumulation of melt water for the purpose of their further use for irrigating fields.

A research program has been developed, including methodological approaches to conducting geodetic and field studies of farmland, agrochemical studies of soils, and taxation indicators of shelterbelts.

3 protocols for testing soils on farmland of LLP “NPTsZHKh im. A.I. Baraeva", LLP AF "Rodina", LLP "Esil-Agro", LLP "Kazger".

GIS vector files (GIS shapefiles) of the study regions were collected, the boundaries of farmland were determined, and a comparison was carried out with cadastral data from the database of the Land Cadastre Office and the automated system of the state land cadastre (aisgzk.kz). 35 geological maps with and without coordinates were georeferenced.

Информация для потенциальных пользователей

The results of geodetic, topographic, agrochemical studies, forest management works can be used in agriculture, forestry, water management, geology, ecology, cartography, land management, cadastre.